Gut microbiota induced epigenetic modifications in the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing global health concern that can lead to and cancer. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, unrelated alcohol consumption. Studies indicate gut microbiota-host crosstalk may play causal role NAFLD pathogenesis, with epigenetic modification serving as key mechanism for regulating this interaction. In review, we explore how interplay between microbiota host epigenome impacts development NAFLD. Specifically, discuss microbiota-derived factors, such lipopolysaccharides (LPS) short-chain acids (SCFAs), modulate DNA methylation histone acetylation genes associated NAFLD, subsequently affecting lipid metabolism immune homeostasis. Although current literature suggests link development, our understanding molecular mechanisms signaling pathways underlying remains limited. Therefore, more comprehensive epigenomic multi-omic studies, including broader clinical animal experiments, are needed further linking NAFLD-associated genes. These studies anticipated improve microbial markers based on strategies provide novel insights into pathogenesis ultimately addressing significant unmet need.